[칼리스데닉스] 근육학(myology) / 2편(기시,정지,기능)

1편에서는 근육정리를 했고, 2장에서는 각각의 근육 생김새와 시작점, 끝점을 알아보고 그에 따른 기능 정리를 하겠다.

 

Shouloder muscle

• supraspinatus(극상근)  

  

  1. 기시 : suprasinous fossa(가시오목위)
  2. 정지 : greater tubercle(큰결절)
  3. 기능 : sholder joint abdunction(어깨관절 벌림) / shoulder abduction 초기 30도 핵심 역할

• infraspinatus(극하근)

  

  1. 기시 : infraspinous fossa
  2. 정지 : greater tubercle
  3. 기능 : shoulder joint external rotation / sholder abduction시 humeral head sliding 만든다 / 위팔뼈 머리 안정화

•  
• teres major(대원근)

  

  1. 기시 : posterior suface of inferior angle / lower part of lateral border
  2. 정지 : crest of lesser tubercle
  3. 기능 : shoulder joint extension / sholder joint internal rotation

• teres minor(소원근)

  

  1. 기시 : lateral border
  2. 정지 : greater tubercle
  3. 기능 : shoulder joint external rotation / sholder joint adduction / holder abduction시 humeral head sliding 만든다 / 위팔뼈 머리 안정화
• subscapularis(견갑하근)

  

  1. 기시 : subscapular fossa
  2. 정지 : lesser tubercle
  3. 기능 : shoulder joint internal rotation / 위팔뼈 머리 안정화

• deltoid(삼각근)

  

  1. 기시 : anteriotr fiber : lateral 1/3 part of clavicle / middle fiber  acromion / posterior fiber  scapular spine
  2. 정지 : deltoid tuberosity
  3. 기능 : anterior fiber : shoulder joint flexion, internal rotion / middle fiber  shoulder abduction 15º / posterior fiber  shoulder joint extension, external rotation

 

 

Upper arm muscle 

• biceps brachii(상완이두근)

  

  1. 기시 : short head : coracoid process / long head : supraglenoid tubercle
  2. 정지 : radial tuberosity
  3. 기능 : elbow flexion / forearm supination / shoulder weak flexion
• brachialis(상완근)

  

  1. 기시 : distal half of anterior surface of humerus
  2. 정지 : coronoid process of ulna / ulnar tuberosity
  3. 기능 : elbow strong flexion
• coracobrachialis(오훼완근)

  

  1. 기시 : coracoid process
  2. 정지 : anteromedial surface of the humerus
  3. 기능 : shoulder adduction / shoulder flexion
• Triceps brachii(상완삼두근)

  

  1. 기시 : long head : infaglenoid tubercle / medial head : posterior surface of the humerus / lateral head : posterior surface of the humerus
  2. 정지 : olecranon
  3. 기능 : elbow extension / shoulder extension(only long head) / sholder adduction(only long head)
• anconeus(주근)

  

  1. 기시 : lateral epicondyle of humerus
  2. 정지 : lateral surface of olecranon
  3. 기능 : elbow extension assists / elbow joint 안정성

 

 

Back muscle

• trapezius(승모근)  

  

  1. 기시 : superior fibers : medial 1/3 part of superior nuchal line(SNL), external occipital protuberance(EOP) / middle fibers : nuchal ligament, C-7 ~ T3 spinous process / inferior fibers : T4 ~ T12 spinous process

     

     

     

     C : 경추, T : 흉추, L : 요추, S : 천추, C : 미추

     
      
  2. 정지 : superior fibers : lateral 1/3 part of clavicle / middle fibers : acromion medial margin, superior aspect of scapular spine / inferior fibers : medial end of scapular spine
  3. 기능 : upper trapezius : S.T joint scapula elevation + retraction + upward rotation /  atlantooccipital joint : head+neck extension, head + neck lateral flexion
• latissimus dorsi(광배근)

  

  1. 기시 : vertebral part : T7 ~ T12 spinous process, thoracolumbar fascia / lliac part : posterior 1/3 part of iliac crest / costal part : 9~12 ribs / scapular part : inferior angle of scapula
  2. 정지 : intertubercular groove
  3. 기능 : shoulder joint : arm internal rotation + adduction + extension / S.T joint : scapula depression 
• levator scapula(견갑거근)

  

  1. 기시 : C1~C4
  2. 정지 : medial border of scapula
  3. 기능 : S.T joint : scapula elevation + retraction + downward rotation / cervical joint : neck lateral flexion + exension
• rhomboid minor(소능형근)

  

  1. 기시 : nuchal ligament / C7+T1 spinous process
  2. 정지 : root of scapular spine
  3. 기능 :  S.T joint : scapula elevation + ertracion + downward rotation
• rhomboid major(대능형근)

  

  1. 기시 : T2~T5 spinous process
  2. 정지 : medial border of scapula
  3. 기능 :  S.T joint : scapula elevation + retraction + downward rotation

 

 

 

Abdominal muscle

• rectus abdominis(복직근)

  

  1. 기시 : pubic symphysis, pubic crest
  2. 정지 : xiphoid process, 5~7 costal cartilages
  3. 기능 : trunk flexion, expiration(내쉼), compresses abdominal viscera(복압)
• external abdominal oblique(외복사근)

  

  1. 기시 : external surfaces of 5~12 ribs
  2. 정지 : linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 part of iliac crest
  3. 기능 : bilateral contraction : trunk flexion, expiration, compresses abdominal viscera / unilateral contracion : trunk lateral flexion + rotation
• internal abdominal oblique(내복사근)

  

  1. 기시 : anterior 2/3 part of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia
  2. 정지 : inferior borders of 10~12 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest & pectin pubis
  3. 기능 : bilateral contracion : trunk flexion, expiration, compresses abdominal viscera / unilateral contraction : trunk lateral flexion + rotation
• transversus abdominis(복횡근) 

  

  1. 기시 : internal surface of 7~12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 part of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch
  2. 정지 : linea alba, aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique muscle, pubic crest, pectineal line of pubis
  3. 기능 : bilateral contracion: expiration, compresses abdominal viscera / unilateral contraction : trunk rotation, 복압 핵심근육

• quadratus lumborum(요방형근)

  

  1. 기시 : lliac crest, illiolumbar ligament
  2. 정지 : inferior border of 12rib
  3. 기능 : bilateral contraction : fixes 12 ribs during inspiration, trunk extension / unilateral contration : trunk lateral flextion

 

 

 

Chest muslce

• pectoralis major(대흉근) 

  

  1. 기시 : clavicular part : anterior surface of medial 1/2 part of clavicle / sternocostal part : lateral part of anterior survace of manubrium and sternal body, 1~6 costal carilages / abdominal part : anterior layer of recus sheath
  2. 정지 : crest of greater tubercle
  3. 기능 : arm adduction + internal rotation 
• pectoralis minor(소흉근)

  

  1. 기시 : anterior surface of 3~5 costal cartilages
  2. 정지 : coracoid process of scapula
  3. 기능 : scapula depression + downward rotation + anterior tilting
• serratus anterior(전거근)

  

  1. 기시 : 1~9 rib
  2. 정지 : anterior surface of superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula, infrior angle of scapula
  3. 기능 : scapula protraction + upward rotation, suspends scapula on thoracic wall

     

 

Hip muscle

• iliopsoas muscle(장요근) 

  

  1. 기시 : iliacus : femoral nerve(L2~L4) / psoas major : anterior rami of spinal nerves(L1-L3)
  2. 정지 : lesser trochanter
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + external rotation / trunk flexion + lateral flexion
• gluteus minimus(소둔근)

  

  1. 기시 : gluterl surface of ilium
  2. 정지 : anterior aspect of greater trocahnter of femur
  3. 기능 : hip joint abduction + internal rotation + flexion + external rotation, pelvis stabilization
• gluteus medius(중둔근)

  

  1. 기시 : gluteal surface of ilium
  2. 정지 : lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
  3. 기능 : hip joint abduction + internal rotation + flexion + external rotation, pelvis stabilization
• gluteus maximus(대둔근)

  

  1. 기시 : lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia
  2. 정지 : lliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
  3. 기능 : hip joint extension + external rotation + abduction + adduction
     
     

 

내전근

• pectineus(치골근)

  

  1. 기시 : superior pubic ramus
  2. 정지 : pectineal line of femur, linea aspera
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + adduction, pelvis stabilization
• adductor brevis(단내전근)

  

  1. 기시 : inferior pubic ramus, anterior body of pubis
  2. 정지 : proximal 1/3 part of linea aspera of femur
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + adduction, pelvis stabilization
• adductor longus(장내전근)

  

  1. 기시 : anterior surface of pubic body, inferior to pubic crest, lateral to the pubic symphysis
  2. 정지 : middle 1/3 part of linea aspera of femur
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + adduction, pelvis stabilization
• adductor magnus(대내전근)

  

  1. 기시 : adductor head : inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus / extensor head : ischial tuberosity
  2. 정지 : adductor head : gluteal tuberosity, all part of linea aspera, medial supracondlylar line / extensor head : adductor tubercle of femur
  3. 기능 : adductor head : hip joint flexion + adduction + external rotation / extensor head : hip joint extension + internal rotation
  
  
  
• gracilis(박근)

  

  1. 기시 : anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
  2. 정지 : medial surface of proximal tibia
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + adduction, knee joint flexion, leg internal rotation

 

 

leg muscle

• vastus medialis(내측광근)

  

  1. 기시 : intertrochanteric line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line of femur
  2. 정지 : tibial tuberosity, patella, medial condyle of tibia
  3. 기능 : knee joint extension
• vastus intermedius(중간광근)

  

  1. 기시 : anterior surface of femoral shaft
  2. 정지 : tibial tuberosity, patella
  3. 기능 : knee joint extension *rectus femoris에 덮여 있음
• vastus lateralis(외측광근)

  

  1. 기시 : intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, glteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur
  2. 정지 : tibial tuberosity, patella, lateral condyle of tibia
  3. 기능 : knee joint extension
• rectus femoris(대퇴직근)

  

  1. 기시 : AIIS, supraacetabular groove
  2. 정지 : tibial tuberosity, patella
  3. 기능 : hip joint flexion + extension
• biceps femoris long head(대퇴이두근 장두)

  

  1. 기시 : ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
  2. 정지 : lateral aspect of fibular head
  3. 기능 : hip joint extension + external rotation, knee joint flexion, leg external rotation, stabilizes pelvis
• semitendinosus(반건양근)

  

  1. 기시 : ischial tuberosity
  2. 정지 : proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
  3. 기능 : hip joint extension + internal rotation, knee joint flexion, leg internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis
• semimembranosus(반막양근)

  

  1. 기시 : ischial tuberosity
  2. 정지 : posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia, medial collateral ligament of knee joint, medial meniscus, popliteus
  3. 기능 : hip joint extension + internal rotation, knee joint flexion + internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis
• gastrocnemius(비복근)

  

  1. 기시 : lateral head : posterolateral aspect of lateral condyle of the femur / medial head : posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, popliteal surface of femur
  2. 정지 : posterior surface of the calcaneus
  3. 기능 : talocrual joint plantarflexion, knee joint flexion
• soleus(가자미근)

  

  1. 기시 : soleal line, medial border of tibia, fibular head, posterior border of fibula
  2. 정지 : posterior surface of calcaneus
  3. 기능 : talocrural joint plantarflexion

 

 

Forearm muscle(전완근)

• pronator teres(원회내근)
• flexor carpi radialis(요측수근굴근)
• palmaris longus(수장장근)
• flexor carpi ulnaris(척측수근굴근)
• flexor digitorum superficialis(천지굴근)
• flexor digitorum profundus(심지굴근)
• flexor pollicis longus(긴엄지굽힘근)
• pronator quadratus(네모엎침근)
• brachioradialis(상완요골근)
• extensor carpi radialis longus(긴노쪽손목폄근)
• extensor carpi radialis longus(긴노쪽손목폄근)
• extensor carpi radialis brevis(짧은노쪽손목폄근)
• extensor digitorum(손가락폄근)
• extensor digiti minimi(새끼손가락폄근)
• extensor carpi ulnaris(자쪽손목폄근)
• extensor carpi ulnaris(자쪽손목폄근)
• supinator(손뒤침근)
• abductor pollicis longus(긴엄지벌림근)
• extensor pollicis longus(긴엄지폄근)
• extensor pollicis brevis(짧은엄지폄근)
• extensor indicis(집게폄근)

 

단어정리

[위치]

• cranial : 머리쪽
• caudal : 머리에서 먼쪽
• anterior : 앞
• posterior : 뒤쪽
• lateral : 옆
• medial : 안쪽
• proximal : 몸쪽
• distal : 몸에서 먼쪽

 

[동작]

• flexion : 굽히다(굴곡)
• extension : 펴다(신전)
• Abduction : 벌리다.
• Adduction( =retraction): 모으다
• lateral : 바깥쪽이다
• internal : 안쪽이다

 

[단어]

• ligament : 인대

 

 

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